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ثير اسموپرايمينگ بر صفات جوانهزني بذر چهار گونه گياه تأ مرتعي تحت تنش خشكي چیست ؟ - پرسش و پاسخ حم ثير اسموپرايمينگ بر صفات جوانهزني بذر چهار گونه گياه تأ مرتعي تحت تنش خشكي چیست ؟
ثير اسموپرايمينگ (آماده سازي اسمزي بذر) بر صفات جوانهزني بذر چهار گونه گياه تأ مرتعي تحت تنش خشكي چیست ؟
ثیر اسموپرایمینگ (آماده سازی اسمزی بذر) بر صفات جوانهزنی بذر چهار گونه گیاه تأ مرتعی تحت تنش خشکی چیست ؟
اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧـﺸﻜﻲ ﺑـﺮ 4روي ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ Agropyron ) ﻣﺮﺗﻌــﻲ ﻋﻠــﻒ ﮔﻨــﺪﻣﻲ desertorum ( Bromus ) ﻋﻠــﻒ ﭘــﺸﻤﻜﻲ inermis( ، ﭼﭽــﻢ Lolium ) داﺋﻤﻲ prenne ( Secale ) و ﭼﺎودار ﻛﻮﻫﻲ (ﮔﺮﻓﺖ montanum اﻧﺠﺎم . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت 3 آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺗﻜﺮار و 3 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﻠﻲ 6000 اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل در ﺳﻄﻮح -و 12 ،-8 -16 ﺑـﺎر ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧـﺸﻜﻲ در آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎه ﺑـﺮ روي ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و زﻣﺎن ) -8 ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺑـﺬور ﺑـﺎر و ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ 48 زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ و ﭼﭽﻢ و ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ و ﭼـﺎودار 24 ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺑـﻮد ( و ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘـﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه اﻋﻤﺎل و درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ و ﻃﻮل و وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ و ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﭼـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﮔﻴـﺮي و ﺑـﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ . اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ، ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ و ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/01 اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺷﺪ . ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ را در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺻـﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ( و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ را در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ 16 ﺑﺎر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ درﺻـﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ زﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه
ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي از ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر را ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻣﻲ در ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات داﻣﻲ، ﺗﺄ ﻣﻴﻦ آب و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎك و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﺟﮕﺎﻫﻲ دارﻧﺪ .ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در اﻳﺮان ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺎدي از ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﺳﺖ ، وﻳﺮان ﺷﺪه ﺑﺬرﭘﺎﺷﻲ و ﺑﺬر ﻛﺎريﻣﻲ ﺎﺷﺪ .(ﻣ 3) ﺑ ﺮاﺗﻊ اﻳﺮان در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي روﻳﻪ و ﻏﻴﺮ اﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﺷﺨﻮارك ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﺟﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺖ و ﺑﻲ ﮔ ارزش و ﺎه ﺳﻤﻲ داده اﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮاي اﺣﻴﺎء و اﺻﻼح اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﭼﻮن ﻧﻬﺎﻟﻜﺎر ﺑﺬر ي و ﻛﺎري ﺗﻮام ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻲ 1ﻓﺎروﺋﻴﻨﮓ و 2 ﺗﻴﻨﮓ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮ د ﺗﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎزﮔﺮدﻧﺪ . ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎري از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺻﻼح و اﺣﻴﺎي ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب درﺳ ﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻲ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﻄﻮر ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ اﺻﻮل ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و آﺑﺎداﻧﻲ دوﺑﺎره اﻳﻦ اراﺿﻲ .(2) ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﻲ روي ﺑﺬر ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر اﺳﺖ .ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺬور ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ، ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺬر اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺟﺬب ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﺎﻓﻲ آب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اب ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮوج رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺬر ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دادن زﻣﺎن ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ زﻧﻲ در ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن اﺗﻔﺎق . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻫﺪ . ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻧﻮاع ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ اﺳﻤﻮ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ اد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ را در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ، ﻛﻨﻨﺪ اﻃﻼق ﺷﻮد . اﺳﻤﻮ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺪرو ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺧﻴﺴﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﺬر در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ .(14) اﺳﻤﺰي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮ ل ﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﺰي از ﻣﻮاد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻲ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ( PEG) ،So 4 ، KH2PO4 ،K 3PO4 ،KNO 3 ،NaCl ،Mg ، ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮول و ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻣﺰﻳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ در ﻃﻲ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ زﻧﻲ .ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻤﺎر اﺳﻤﺰي در ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد .ﻣﺰﻳﺖ از ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎده ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﻻي آن در آب ﻣﻲ .(7) ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، ﺑﺎ داﻧﻪ واﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪارد و اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي را روي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻫﺎ .(6)ﮔﺬارد ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﮔﻴﺎه ً ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻮده ﺑ ﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨ ﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ و ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺷﺪهو اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ آن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد . ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ را در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ 9)داﻧﻨﺪ و 24 .( (1382) آذرﻧﻴﻮﻧﺪ و ﺟﻮادي در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺪا اي ﺑﺮ روي دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ و ﭼﻪ ﻛﻠﺌﻮﭘﺘﻴﻞ را در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑ ﻪ آوردﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ . 1(1998) ﻛﺮاﻛﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ را ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮد . 2(1994) ﺑﺎﺳﺮا و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺷﺪ رﻳﺸﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ و ﭼﻪ ﺑﺬور ﭘﻴﺎز ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه را ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺮدﻧﺪ . ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ و رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ و اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ و رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﺬر ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و داﻧ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آزاد ﺸﮕﺎه اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .از ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻛﺎن ﺑﺬر 1383 اﺻﻔﻬﺎن درﺳﺎل ﺗﻬﻴﻪﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 3 ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در 3 ﺗﻜﺮار و ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . آزﻣﻮن ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻧﻲ ز :ﺑﺬر اﺑﺘﺪا ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ) ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ داﺋﻤﻲ و ﭼﺎودارﻛﻮﻫﻲ ( در زﻳﺮ ﻫﻮد اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ( در ﻫﺰار 2) ﻛﺶ ﺑﻨﻮﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺿﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ 3 اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ .در
1-Kraki 2- Basra
ﭘﺘﺮي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ 9 اي ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ در اﺗﻮﻛﻼو ﺗﻌ ، اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ 25 ﺪاد ﻋﺪد ﺑﺬر از ﻫﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه 3 ﮔﻴﺎه در ﺳﻲ50 ﺗﻜﺮار ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ .ﭘﺘﺮي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف ﻧﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه و در ﺑﺎ ژرﻣﻴﻨﺎﺗﻮر 16دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ 22 روز درﺟﻪ و 8 ﮔﺮاد ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ 18 ﺷﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮاد 90رﻃﻮﺑﺖ درﺻﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ .ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻤﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي 3ISTA ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻛﺘﺎب دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و زﻣﺎن ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ : ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ در ﭘﺘﺮي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ 9 اي ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ1/5 ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﺘﺮي ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎ داراي ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﻗﺒﻼ ﻫﻢ در اﺗﻮ ﻛﻼو اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺷﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم . 25ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻋﺪد ﺑﺬر از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه در ﭘﺘﺮي ﺳﻲ 5 ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻲ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﻠﻲ 6000 اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي -4 ،-8 و 12 ﺑﺎر و ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻢ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ( 24 در ﺳﻪ زﻣﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ، 48 و 72 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ 3 در ﺗﻜﺮار ﻗﺮار . ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ در داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﻠﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﭘﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﺎن دادن ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﻃﻮل روز ﻫﻮادﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن 24 ﻫﺎي 72 و 48 ، ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه و در زﻳﺮ ﻫﻮد اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺷﺪه و در ﭘﺘﺮي و ﺳﻲ 5 ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻲ آب ﺗﻜ3 ﻣﻘﻄﺮ در ﺮار در داﺧﻞ ژرﻣﻴﻨﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ زﻧﻲ ﻗﺮارداده ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ روز 14 زده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ . از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬ ﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺬر ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻌﻴﺎر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺪه در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ آ ن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ)ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺪون ( ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ داﺋﻤﻲ و ﭼﺎودار ﻛﻮﻫﻲ در آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ، ﺑﺬر اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻃﺒﻖ روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام 25 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 3 ﻋﺪد در ﺗﻜﺮار ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ -8 ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي ، -12 ،16 ﺑﺎر و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﻣﻘﻄﺮ آب (ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻗﺮار . در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻣﻴﻞ ﺿﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد زﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻗﺒﻞ . ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ 24 زﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر 14 ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ .ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ (1974) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﻴﭽﻠﺮ و ﻣﻴﻠﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺳﺎﻗﻪ 14 ﺑﻌﺪ از روز ﻃﻮل ﭼﻪ و رﻳﺸﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﭼﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﻗﺮار دادن
24 آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در دﻣﺎي 70 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﺮاد وزن ﺧﺸﻚ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ . داده ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از زﻧﻲ ) درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ (ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ و ﭼﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮم Minitab اﻓﺰار ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش داﻧﻜﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ز ﻧﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ درﺻﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ .(1 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ داﺋﻤﻲ و ﻣﻲ ﭼﺎودارﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ -8 ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ -16 و -12 ، ﺑﺎر در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ( ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ -16 زﻧﻲ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ زﻧﻲ را در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻴﺎه در .(2 داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻴﺎه درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد ) .(3 ﺟﺪول ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘ داد ﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻛﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول ﻣﻲ .(3 ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻫﻤ ﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ در ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ 0/01 زﻧﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) .(1 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣ ﻴﻦ ﻴﺎﻧﮕ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ 8 دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ، -12 و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ -16 ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ .(4 )ﺟﺪول 4 در ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ -16 و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎر را ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ داﺷﺖ .(ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 4 )ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ 4 ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زﻧﻲ ﺷﺎن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ 4 داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ زﻧﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) .(5 ﺟﺪول ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻫﻤ ﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ 0/01 ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ دار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ .(1 ﺟﺪول در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ 4 ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ 8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ،-12 و 16 ﺑﺎر ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ داري ﺷﺎﻫﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ) .(6ﺟﺪول در ﻫﺮ -8 ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ، -12 و 16 ﺑﺎر ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪ و در واﻗﻊ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺷﺪ ) ﺳﺎﻗﻪ .(6 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﭼﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ و ﭼﭽﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را ، ﻧﺸﺎن داد وﻟﻲ در ﭼﺎودار ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ)ول .(7 ﺟﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ ﭼﺎودار ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ) .(7ﺟﺪول ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ از ﻧﻈﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﻲ0/01 ﻣﻲ دار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) .(1ﺟﺪول در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺎي وزن ﺧﺸﻚ 4 ﭼﻪ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ -8 ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح -ﺗﻔﺎو 16 و-12، ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ت
ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺪ دار ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه .ﺳﺎﻗﻪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﭼﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻮد در ﺑﻘﻴﻪ 4 ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ) .(8 ﺟﺪول ﺗﺠﺰﺑﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ 0/01 ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ دار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) در .(1 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري وﺟﻮد دارد .(9 )ﺟﺪول ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﭼﭽﻢ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه وزن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد ) و .(9 ﺟﺪول اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ ﻌﻨﻲ ﻣ دار .(رﻳﺸﻪ 1 ﺑﻮد )ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﭼﻪ در ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ -8 دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ،-12 و ﺑﺎ -16 ﺑﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ .رﻳﺸﻪ ﻃﻮل ﭼﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻮد در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﭼﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﺒﻮد ) .(10 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داﺷﺖ دار در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺪه . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳ رﻳﺸﻪ ﺴﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮل ﭼﻪ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮر ﮔﻴﺎه و ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﺎوت داري را در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻧﺸﺎن داد ) .(1 ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ، ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ -8 ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ، -12 و 16 ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ داري . وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺸﻜﻲ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﺒﻮد ) ﺟﺪول
ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ .(11 در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﮔﻴ ﭼﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ و ﺎه ﭘﺮاﻳﻢ در ﻋﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻧﺸﺪ داري دﻳﺪه . وﻟﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﻜﻲ، ﭼﭽﻢ و ﭼﺎودار ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ دار .ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻫﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ در ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺬور ، ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ، زﻧﻲ را ﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ از ﻛﺸﺖ ﻗﺎدرﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ از ﺑﺬور ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻧﺸﺪه ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺬور در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ.
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منبع : ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ